Bipolar Disorder





Introduction
Bipolar disorder is a condition that causes changes in a person's mood, energy, and ability to function. People with bipolar disorder experience changes in their emotional states that typically occur during distinct periods of days, months, or even years called mood episodes. These mood episodes are generally categorized as mania, hypomania, minor depression, and major depression. People with bipolar disorder also typically have periods of neutral mood called euthymia. The average age of onset for bipolar disorder is around 25. With effective treatment and a healthy routine, people with bipolar disorder can lead full, stable, and productive lives like everyone else.
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Below you will find information about the two main types of bipolar disorder, the possible causes of bipolar disorder, the possible triggers for mood episodes, the reasons for seeking medical treatment, the challenges, and also the strengths that are commonly associated with bipolar disorder.
The two main types of bipolar disorder

Type 1
People with bipolar type 1 may experience: mania, hypomania, minor depression, major depression and psychosis. What distinguishes bipolar type 1 is the presence of mania and psychotic features. To learn more about bipolar type 1, click the ¨Learn More¨ button below.

Type 2
People with bipolar type 2 may experience: hypomania, minor depression, and major depression. What distinguishes bipolar type 2 is the absence of mania and psychosis. To learn more about bipolar type 2, click the ''Learn More'' button below.

What are the causes?

The exact cause of bipolar disorder is not known. There are many known factors that increase the risk of developing it. For now, no single gene is responsible for bipolar disorder, but having a family member with the disorder increases your risk of having it yourself. For example, if you have one parent with bipolar disorder, you have a 10-25% chance of developing bipolar disorder at some point in your life. If both of your parents have it, you have a 10-50% chance of getting it. For now, the best understanding suggests that it's a mix of environmental and genetic factors that are responsible for the onset of bipolar disorder.
Possible triggers for a mood episode

-The breakdown of a relationship
-Physical, sexual or emotional abuse
-The death of a close family member or loved one
-Physical illness
-Sleep disturbances
-Excessive stress with work, money, relationships etc...
-Substance abuse
-Major life changes
Why seek medical treatment?

Bipolar disorder is a serious psychiatric condition that requires medical intervention as soon as it is recognized. If you suspect that you or someone you know may have bipolar disorder, please don't wait to take an appointment with a mental health professional or to have a caring conversation with that person in the hope that they will reach the ears of a qualified mental health professional. Here are some facts that you or someone you know should consider when thinking about reasons to seek treatment for bipolar disorder.
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Bipolar Disorder Doesn't Go Away
While symptoms may come and go according to a particular cycle, make no mistake about it, bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition that can be treated but cannot be cured. Ignoring the signs of it now is likely to make the condition more difficult to manage in the future.
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The sooner, the better
Bipolar disorder is also a neurodegenerative disorder, and the longer you wait, the more complications may manifest in your life. The more time that passes between the first onset of symptoms and receiving proper medical treatment, the greater the risk for a more severe mood cycle and resistance to medication. Bipolar disorder contributes to the rapid aging of the brain, which can have a significant impact on your sense of well-being. Many, if not all, of these factors can be mitigated by seeking appropriate treatment from a qualified mental health professional. It is never too late to seek proper treatment.
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No alternative to medication
While there are great supplements to prescription medication for bipolar disorder, there is clearly no substitute for it. Once you find the right treatment with a mental health professional and are careful to add healthy habits to your daily routine to complement it, bipolar disorder can be managed very well. For now, medication is not just an option, it is mandatory to improve the stability and quality of your life.
The Challenges

Living with bipolar disorder can be a challenging experience. There are many personal and societal hurdles that someone living with bipolar disorder must face. Let's explore some of these difficulties.
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Coping with symptoms
The first appearance of symptoms often catches the person off guard. Whether it's a cycle of high or low mood, it can be extremely difficult to understand what's going on. Given that the average onset of bipolar disorder is around the age of 25, this raises the stakes considerably. In your twenties, you will have to make important decisions about your personal and professional life. This can be incredibly challenging if you're dealing with debilitating depression that just won't go away, or if you're recovering from a full-blown psychosis as a result of your first elevated mood cycle. These mood episodes can have a significant impact on a person's life.
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Getting a diagnosis
The average time it takes to get a proper diagnosis of bipolar disorder is nearly a decade. The most likely misdiagnosis is depression, about 60% of the time. Other likely candidates include anxiety, schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, substance abuse, or schizoaffective disorder, in that order. A decade of illness, mistreatment, and changing diagnosis not only erodes quality of life, but often confidence in the health care system too. This only adds to the difficulty of accepting the diagnosis once it is finally properly established.
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Stigma
Often the realization that someone will have to deal with a serious psychiatric condition for the rest of their life is enough to have a negative impact on their self-esteem. The introspective aspect of stigma is only part of the situation, as society can also add significant weight to the equation. Mental illness is not a subject that is welcomed with open arms in our society. It is a subject tainted by stereotypes, sensationalism, and uneducated opinions that make it difficult for people with bipolar disorder to reconcile their reality with society's perception of it.
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Finding the right treatment
Treatment for bipolar disorder can be drastically different from one person to another. But in all cases, it's going to have to be a combination of medical and behavioral interventions. Finding the right medication for you that doesn't have terrible side effects can be very difficult. There is no genetic test or otherwise that can help reliably in selecting the best medication, making the whole process really arduous. For behavioral changes and creating a healthy routine, it can mean making heartbreaking sacrifices to maximize the chance at a stable life.
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Suicide
The bipolar community is at an alarming risk for suicide. It is estimated that up to 60% of people with bipolar disorder have attempted suicide at least once. If that's not shocking enough, up to 20% of people with bipolar disorder will commit suicide, which means up to 1 in 5 people with this diagnosis will take their own life. Remember, the people we are talking about could be a family member, a friend, a co-worker, or the stranger who holds the door for you at the store. These people walk the same streets as you, often with a smile on their face and no apparent signs of the demons they are battling inside.
Suicide rate in the bipolar community is up to 20%

The highest suicide rate of all mental health conditions
The Strengths

While bipolar disorder is a serious diagnosis, that doesn't mean it's all bad. Here are some examples of positive traits that have been commonly observed in people with bipolar disorder.
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Intelligence
First, bipolar disorder is positively correlated with intelligence, which may be counterintuitive to the general population because mental illness is often mistakenly associated with either violence or lack of common sense. These stereotypes we see in movies or on the news unfortunately contribute to the social stigma surrounding mental illness. In reality, the society we live in benefits greatly from neurodiversity, including bipolar disorder.
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Creativity
Second, bipolar disorder is correlated with higher levels of creativity. The creativity that emerges as a result of the elevated or even depressed mood episode can be absolutely stunning. Many artists and innovators have created amazing works while living with bipolar disorder.
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Adaptability
People with bipolar disorder may have developed the ability to adapt to changing circumstances and manage their moods in response to different situations.
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Perseverance
Bipolar disorder can be a difficult condition to manage, and people with the disorder may have developed a strong sense of determination and persistence as they work to maintain their mental health.
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Empathy
Some people with bipolar disorder may have developed strong empathic skills as a result of their experiences with mood swings and their ability to understand and relate to others who are struggling with mental health issues.
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Resilience
Living with bipolar disorder can be a challenging experience, and people with the disorder may have developed a strong sense of resilience as they learn to stand back up after difficult moments in their life.


Sources:
National Institute of Mental Health
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/bipolar-disorder#:~:text=Bipolar%20Disorder-,Overview,day%2Dto%2Dday%20tasks.
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National Alliance on Mental Illness
https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Bipolar-Disorder
American Psychiatric Association
https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/bipolar-disorders/what-are-bipolar-disorders
WebMD
https://www.webmd.com/bipolar-disorder/mental-health-bipolar-disorder
MayoClinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20355955
PsyCom
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DSM-5 Criteria: Bipolar Disorders
https://floridabhcenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Bipolar-Disorders_Adult-Guidelines-2019-2020.pdf
National Library of Medecine
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519712/table/ch3.t8/
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqXwAVE3G3g&t=2859s&ab_channel=Brain%26BehaviorResearchFoundation
Recognition and Treatment of Bipolar Depression
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtWpJEq6WTw&ab_channel=PeerViewCME
Dr. Andrew Huberman : The Science & Treatment of Bipolar Disorder
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_OazsImOiI&t=2418s&ab_channel=AndrewHuberman
Dr. Karl Deisseroth: Depression, Schizophrenia, and Psychiatry
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Dr. Andrew Huberman & Dr. Karl Deisseroth: Understanding & Healing the Mind
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w9MXqXBZy9U&t=1027s&ab_channel=AndrewHuberman
Suicide attempts in bipolar I and bipolar II disorder: a review and meta-analysis of the evidence
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Suicide and Bipolar Disorder: Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention
https://www.healthline.com/health/suicide-and-bipolar
Do People with Bipolar Disorder Think More Often About Suicide?
https://psychcentral.com/bipolar/suicide-in-bipolar-disorder
Hypomania vs. Mania: What's the Difference?
https://www.verywellmind.com/hypomania-vs-mania-5208167#:~:text=Mania%20and%20hypomania%20differ%20with,they%20are%20mild%20to%20moderate.
DSM-IV to DSM-5 Hypomania Criteria Comparison
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t9/#:~:text=A%20distinct%20period%20of%20abnormally,the%20day%2C%20nearly%20every%20day.
Diagnosing Mania in the Age of DSM-5
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Minor Depression: A Short Definition
https://www.brainsway.com/knowledge-center/minor-depression-a-short-definition/#:~:text=Key%20difference%3A%20Both%20major%20depression,total%20of%20two%20symptoms%20present.
What Is Depression?
https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression
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Positive Traits in the Bipolar Spectrum: The Space between Madness and Genius
https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/452416
Positive aspects of mental illness: a review in bipolar disorder
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20471692/
Bipolar 1 Disorder and Bipolar 2 Disorder: What Are the Differences?
https://www.healthline.com/health/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-1-vs-bipolar-2
The Difference Between Bipolar Disorder 1 and 2
https://www.psycom.net/bipolar-disorder-difference-one-two
What Is Bipolar Disorder?
https://www.verywellmind.com/bipolar-disorder-overview-378810
Types of Bipolar Disorder
https://www.webmd.com/bipolar-disorder/guide/bipolar-disorder-forms
Bipolar I vs. Bipolar II- What’s the difference?
https://ibpf.org/articles/bipolar-i-vs-bipolar-ii-whats-the-difference/
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Positive Traits in the Bipolar Spectrum: The Space between Madness and Genius
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5318923/#:~:text=Positive%20psychological%20traits%20of%20spirituality,improve%20clinical%20outcomes%20%5B240%5D.
5 Positives of Living with Bipolar Disorder (Besides Creativity)
https://ibpf.org/articles/5-positives-of-living-with-bipolar-disorder-besides-creativity/
Bipolar spectrum traits and the space between Madness and Genius: The Muse is in the Dose
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022395622003740
Bipolar and Intelligence: How Are They Linked?
https://www.psycom.net/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-and-intelligence

